Basic dyes, tseem hu ua ntsev-raws li dyes. Cov dyes uas tuaj yeem sib cais rau hauv cov xim cationic hauv cov kua dej yog cais raws li cationic dyes. Txij li cov dyes yooj yim muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub teeb nrawm thiab ntxuav sai sai tom qab dyeing fibers, tam sim no lawv tsis tshua siv rau dyeing fabrics thiab feem ntau yog siv rau xim cov khoom siv kev cai thiab kev kawm, ntawv thiab tsim cov pas dej.
Feem ntau ntawm cov pab pawg chromophoric ntawm cov xim yooj yim yog cov hauv paus organic, thiab ob peb cov ntsev (chlorides) tsim nrog inorganic acids yog lwm cov ntsev. Thaum cov dye dissociates nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous tov, cov pigment pawg yog zoo them, yog li nws yog ib tug cationic dye. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov xim ci, zoo nkauj fluorescence (feem ntau yog sawv liab, daj, txiv kab ntxwv thiab lwm yam xim), thiab muaj zog tinting zog. Ib qho me me ntawm cov xim tuaj yeem siv tau kom tau txais cov xim sib sib zog nqus thiab nplua nuj. Cov xim ceev ceev thiab lub teeb nrawm tsis zoo, tab sis nws muaj qhov nrawm nrawm thaum siv acrylic fiber (polyacrylonitrile fiber). Basic dyes tsis xim cellulose fibers. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1970, kuv lub teb chaws tau siv txoj kev grafting rau dye silk nrog cationic dyes.
Tom qab hom dye no yog ionized, cov dye ions ua zoo them thiab tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov tshuaj acidic los tsim cov ntsev. Feem ntau siv cov xim yooj yim hauv cov chaw kuaj mob microbiology suav nrog methylene xiav, methyl violet, ammonium oxalate crystal violet, acetic magenta, yooj yim fuchsin, nruab nrab liab, malachite ntsuab, thiab fuchsia. Raws li ib txwm muaj, cov kab mob tau yooj yim Dyeing nrog cov xim yooj yim.
Ib qho yooj yim dyes muaj xws li: yooj yim ci ntsuab (ntsuab 1), yooj yim magenta ntsuab (ntsuab 4), yooj yim rhodium B (liab 10), yooj yim muaj koob muaj npe xiav, yooj yim violet 5BN (ntsuab 3), alkali Basic txiv kab ntxwv thaiv (txiv kab ntxwv 2), Basic magenta (liab 14), yooj yim ci daj O (daj 2), xim av G (xim av 1), yooj yim ci xiav BO (xiav 7), yooj yim xiav G (xiav 1), alkaline xiav B (xiav 5), alkaline pas dej xiav BB (xiav 9), alkaline liab (alkaline lub teb chaws chij liab), alkaline dub, alkaline tsaus ntsuab, alkaline ci ntsa iab, thiab lwm yam.