Pigments ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam ntawm peb lub neej, los ntawm cov xim uas peb pom hauv kev kos duab mus rau qhov pom ntawm cov khoom uas peb siv txhua hnub. Tab sis yog pigments tshuaj?
I. To taub Pigments
- Pigments yog cov khoom uas muab xim rau lwm yam khoom. Lawv yog insoluble nyob rau hauv nruab nrab nyob rau hauv uas lawv siv, as opposed to dyes uas yog soluble. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov xim, pigments raug tshem tawm nyob rau hauv cov kua binder.
- Muaj ob hom pigments tseem ceeb: organic thiab inorganic. Organic pigments yog cov pa roj carbon-based compounds, feem ntau nyuaj hauv cov qauv. Lawv paub txog lawv cov xim tiag tiag thiab tau siv dav hauv cov ntawv thov xws li inks, plastics, thiab textiles. Inorganic pigments, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau yog hlau - cov khoom sib txuas xws li titanium dioxide (ib hom xim dawb).
II. Lub Chemical Nature ntawm Pigments
- Pigments yeej yog tshuaj. Txawm hais tias lawv yog cov organic lossis inorganic, lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb.
- Organic pigments yog synthesized los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam los yog industrial chaw. Lawv cov qauv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas lawv cov xim, solubility, thiab lwm yam khoom. Piv txwv li, azo pigments yog ib chav loj ntawm cov organic pigments uas yog tsim los ntawm diazo coupling tshua.
- Inorganic pigments kuj muaj cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Siv cov xim hlau oxide xim, piv txwv li. Lawv yog cov oxides ntawm hlau thiab tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej lossis tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Lawv cov qauv tshuaj thiab cov qauv siv lead ua cuam tshuam rau lawv cov xim, uas tuaj yeem ua los ntawm daj mus rau liab mus rau dub nyob ntawm oxidation lub xeev ntawm hlau.
III. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Pom Pigments ua cov tshuaj
- Hais txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tswj hwm, kev nkag siab tias pigments yog tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb.
- Qee cov pigments tej zaum yuav muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv lossis ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, tej yam hnyav - hlau - raws li inorganic pigments xws li lead - raws li pigments yog tshuaj lom. Vim lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv yog tias nqus tau los yog noj. Yog li ntawd, muaj cov kev cai nruj heev txog lawv cov kev siv hauv cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg lossis raug tso tawm rau hauv ib puag ncig.
- Hauv kev tsim thiab tuav cov pigments, kev paub txog lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj yog tsim nyog rau kev tswj kom zoo. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yog siv los xyuas kom meej qhov purity thiab sib xws ntawm cov xim. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam uas yuav tsum tau muaj xim sib xws, xws li hauv kev lag luam tsheb lossis luam ntawv.
Hauv kev xaus, pigments yog tshuaj. Lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv txoj haujlwm, kev siv, thiab cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tswj kom zoo.