Hauv kuv qhov kev cob qhia, kuv feem ntau nug txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic pigments, nrog rau cov kev sib txawv uas lawv coj hauv kev pleev xim.
Organic pigments yog dab tsi?
Organic pigments muaj carbon thiab feem ntau yog ci, ntshiab, lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tinting zog. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm carbon atoms, uas tsim muaj zog, ruaj khov tshuaj bonds thiab yeej ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, zaub thiab hluavtaws organic chemistry.
Muaj peb hom organic pigments: pigmentary xim, hlau ntsev pigments (los yog toners), thiab pas dej.
Pigmentary xim yog insoluble thiab inherently xim. Toners thiab pas dej pib tawm raws li cov khoom soluble, qee zaum hu ua dyes. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm raws li cov xim pigments, cov dyes yog tshuaj lom neeg lossis hluav taws xob kho rau cov khoom tsis muaj zog, cov xim tsis muaj xim xws li alumina trihydrate. Vim tias lawv tsis yooj yim heev, cov ntsev hlau thiab cov xim toner tsis siv rau hauv cov xim DANIEL SMITH, tab sis qee cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov xim pleev xim siv lawv.
Cov pas dej yog siv hauv kev lag luam zaub mov thiab qee zaum hauv cov xim ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Alizarin Crimson yog ib qho piv txwv - txawm hais tias Anthraquinoid Liab thiab Permanent Alizarin yog lwm txoj kev yooj yim dua.
Cov xim ntuj thiab hluavtaws organic sib txawv li cas?
Ntuj organic pigments yog muab los ntawm zaub los yog tsiaj rho tawm. Lawv yog cov thawj, tsis tshua muaj mus tas li versions ntawm tej yam zoo-paub xim. Sepia, piv txwv li, siv los ntawm mollusk number case hnab thiab Carmine tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cochineal beetle. Indian Yellow, Indigo thiab Sap Green yog Ameslikas muab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, Rose Madder Qhov Tseeb tseem yog. Ivory, Pob Txha thiab Vine Blacks tau ua los ntawm cov av charcoal ntawm burnt ivory, pob txha thiab tej yam ntoo.
Ua ntej xyoo 1850s, feem ntau cov organic pigments yog lub hauv paus chiv keeb, tab sis nrog kev nce qib hauv cov organic chemistry, feem coob tau hloov nrog cov xim hluavtaws organic-qee yam uas simulate hues pom hauv cov organics. Lub cev daim ntawv thiab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm hluavtaws pigments tuaj yeem tswj tau ntau yam kev kwv yees ntau dua li lawv cov natural counterparts, thiab lawv zoo li lightfast thiab muaj ntau yam xim. Niaj hnub no cov xim hluavtaws muaj xws li vivid, mus tas li phthalos, quinacridones thiab perylenes.
Staining organic pigments muaj xws li Phthalos, Alizarin Crimson, Anthraquinoid Liab (ib lub teeb ci ntxiv rau Alizarin), Prussian Blue, Hansa Yellow, Hooker's Green, Indigo, Payne's Grey, Perinone Txiv kab ntxwv thiab Quinacridones (uas kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv pob tshab). Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov xim sib txawv me me, muaj ob peb cov organic sedimentary, xws li Ultramarine Blue, Ultramarine Violet thiab Cerulean Blue. Pob tshab organic pigments suav nrog Rose Madder Genuine, Viridian, thiab Quinacridones, uas ua rau glazes zoo.
Dab tsi yog inorganic pigments?
Cov pigments no muaj hlau. Lawv suav nrog cov xim hauv ntiaj teb classic, PrimaTek® thiab Historic Mineral xim, cadmiums thiab cobalts. Mined los ntawm lub ntiaj teb los yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub lab siv metallic tebchaw, inorganic pigments yuav pob tshab, translucent los yog opaque thiab yog ua los ntawm distinctively zoo li hais nrog inherent xim.
Feem ntau ntawm cov xim mined tau muaj rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam txij li keeb kwm yav dhau los, thaum ntau cov xim tsim los ntawm lab tau muaj rau 100 xyoo lossis ntau dua. Inorganic pigments zoo li opaque, ntom, hnyav hauv qhov hnyav thiab ruaj khov.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ntuj thiab hluavtaws inorganic pigments?
Lub ntiaj teb ntuj xim los yog crude ores (ochres, umbers, siennas) yog mined ncaj qha los ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lawv cov xim nplua nuj los ntawm cov hlau oxides thiab hydroxides, tooj liab, chromium lossis txhuas, nrog rau ntau cov av nplaum, chalk thiab silica. DANIEL SMITH muaj ntau yam txawv txawv ntawm cov xim txawv hauv ntiaj teb.
Thaum lub ntiaj teb cov xim yog ci los yog calcined, lawv cov xim ib txwm ua kom sov thiab tob dua, thiab tsim cov xim sib txawv. Piv txwv li, calcined Raw Sienna tsim Burnt Sienna.
Cov xim hluavtaws inorganic feem ntau yog cov khoom siv hlau uas tsim los hauv chav kuaj. Lawv suav nrog Cobalt Blue, Cadmium Yellow thiab Zinc White. Cov kev tsim hauv chav kuaj no muaj tsawg dua impurities thiab muaj cov khoom me dua li lawv cov ntxhia hauv ntuj. Lawv zoo li tsim smoother, tsawg sedimentary ntxuav dua li cov natural inorganics.
Yuav ua li cas inorganic pigments siv nyob rau hauv watercolor paintings?
Lawv cov kev siv yog txawv raws li cov xim. Feem ntau kuv siv cov pigments inorganic ntau dua rau lawv qhov zoo hauv kev sib tov dua li rau lawv cov xim-ie kov ntawm Cobalt Violet hauv kev sib xyaw ntxiv xim me ntsis, tab sis txhawb kev nthuav tawm sedimentation. Buff Titanium dhia mus rau hauv qhov chaw tseem ntub ntawm daim ntawv, thiab txav mus rau lwm cov xim nyob ib puag ncig. Nickel Azo Yellow tseem dhia dej los ntawm cov xim pleev xim thiab tsim ib daim ntawv tshiab-zoo kawg nkaus hauv cov ntoo caij nplooj zeeg! Sedimentary inorganic xim muaj xws li tag nrho lub ntiaj teb pigments xws li Venetian Liab, Cadmium Txiv kab ntxwv, Cobalt Green, Cobalt Violet, Nickel Azo Yellow, Lunar Earth, Lunar Red Rock. Cov pob tshab inorganics xws li Cobalt Blue thiab Aureolin (Cobalt Yellow) yog qhov zoo rau cov txheej glazes, muab qhov zoo nkauj ntawm pob tshab thiab qhov tob uas cov xim dej muaj npe nrov.