Dye yam ntxwv
Direct dyes muaj cov dej-soluble pawg xws li - SO3Na thiab - COONa, thiab lawv solubility ho nce nrog nce kub. Rau cov dyes ncaj qha nrog tsis zoo solubility, ntshiab alkali tuaj yeem muab ntxiv los pab hauv kev sib cais.
Cov dyes ncaj qha tsis tiv taus cov dej tawv thiab feem ntau tuaj yeem ua ke nrog calcium thiab magnesium ions los ua cov dej tsis sib haum, ua rau cov xim me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub dyed. Yog li ntawd, cov dyes ncaj qha yuav tsum tau yaj hauv cov dej mos. Yog hais tias lub hardness ntawm dyeing dej nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov nyob rau sab siab, dej qab zib tshauv los yog Sodium hexametaphosphate yuav tsum tau ntxiv, uas tsis yog tsuas yog conducive rau dissolution ntawm dyes, tab sis kuj muaj kev ua hauj lwm ntawm softening dej.
Direct dyes muaj siab ncaj qha rau cellulose fibers dua li lwm cov dyes. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov dyes ncaj qha, cov qauv linear molecular, zoo symmetry, ntev Conjugated system, zoo homoplanarity, thiab loj Van der Waals quab yuam quab yuam ntawm dyes thiab fiber ntau molecules. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov dye molecules ncaj qha muaj cov pab pawg xws li amino, hydroxyl, thiab azo pawg, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov hydrogen bonds nrog hydroxyl pawg hauv cellulose fibers thiab amino pawg hauv cov protein fibers, ntxiv kev txhim kho qhov ncaj qha ntawm cov xim.
Thaum dyeing cellulose fibers nrog ncaj dyes, ntsev plays lub luag hauj lwm txhawb dyeing. Lub dyeing txhawb mechanism yog hais tias ncaj qha dyes dissociate rau pigment anions nyob rau hauv kev daws thiab dye cellulose fibers. Cellulose fibers kuj muaj cov nqi tsis zoo hauv dej, thiab muaj lub zog tawm tsam ntawm cov dyes thiab fibers. Ntxiv ntsev rau hauv cov tshuaj dyeing tuaj yeem txo qhov nqi zog ntawm cov nqi zog, nce qhov dyeing tus nqi thiab feem pua. Cov nyhuv dyeing nce qib ntawm cov dye ncaj qha ntsev sib txawv. Cov nyhuv ntsev ntawm cov dyes ncaj qha nrog ntau sulfonic acid pawg hauv cov molecule yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum txhawb kev dyeing, ntsev yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom siv kom ntseeg tau tias cov xim zoo ib yam. Direct dyes nrog qis dye uptake yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntsev ntxiv, thiab cov nyiaj tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li hom dyeing thiab dyeing qhov tob. Cov khoom siv xim xim nrog cov kev xav tau siab rau qib siab yuav tsum txo qis cov ntsev kom tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis sib xws hauv zos dyeing thiab dyeing defects xws li xim xim.
Cov nyhuv kub
Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm dyeing ntawm cov dyes txawv txawv. Rau cov dyes ncaj qha nrog cov dye uptake tus nqi siab thiab zoo diffusion kev ua tau zoo, cov xim sib sib zog nqus tau txais ntawm 60-70 degree , thaum lub dye uptake tus nqi qis dua 90 degree . Thaum dyeing nrog hom dyeing no, txhawm rau txo lub sijhawm dyeing, qhov kub ntawm dyeing yog teem rau ntawm 80-90 degree . Tom qab ib lub sij hawm dyeing, qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj dyeing maj mam txo, thiab cov dye nyob rau hauv cov dye tov tseem mus zas cov fibers los txhim kho cov dye uptake tus nqi. Rau cov dyes ncaj qha nrog high aggregation degree, qeeb dye uptake tus nqi, thiab tsis zoo diffusion kev ua tau zoo, nce kub tuaj yeem ceev cov xim diffusion, nce dye uptake tus nqi, thiab txhawb dye absorption nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj dye, yog li ua kom cov dye uptake feem pua. Qhov kub ntawm qhov feem pua siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov dye uptake tau txais thaum lub sij hawm dyeing ib txwm hu ua qhov siab tshaj plaws dye uptake kub. Raws li qhov sib txawv siab tshaj plaws dyeing kub, dyes ncaj qha feem ntau muab faib ua qis-kub dyes nrog lub siab tshaj plaws dyeing kub hauv qab no 70 degree, nruab nrab kub dyes nrog lub siab tshaj plaws dyeing kub ntawm 70-80 degree, thiab high-temperature dyes nrog lub kub dyeing siab tshaj ntawm 90-100 degree hauv kev tsim khoom. Hauv kev xyaum ntau lawm, paj rwb thiab viscose fiber ntau knitted fabrics feem ntau yog dyed nyob ib ncig ntawm 95 degree, thaum silk knitted fabrics muaj qhov kub dyeing qis dua vim tias kub dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov luster fiber ntau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws dyeing kub yog 60-90 degree . Txo qhov kub ntawm dyeing kom tsim nyog thiab ncua sij hawm dyeing yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim khoom.
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